When Did Special Effects Makeup Originate

Special effects makeup has been an evolving fine art since the beginning of the 1900's. At this indicate, cameras could only shoot in black and white, meaning that makeup had to be applied differently to how it is at present.

From research, information technology is clear that the main materials that were used at the beginning of the industry were putty, mortician's wax, spirit glue and collodion.

Jack Pierce

"The sole reason for any makeup, and particularly a character makeup, is non to proclaim the skill of the artist or the role player, but to help tell the story. Therefore, makeup must not be obviously 'makeuppy.' This in turn demands that it exist supervised by a qualified creative person, for the thespian, no matter how skilled he may be in the technical detail of applying his makeup, rarely has the correct perspective to gauge the makeup without bias." --Jack P Pierce

Jack Pierce was seen as a pioneer in special effects makeup. He created creatures for Frankenstein (1931), Dracula (1931), The Mummy (1932) and The Wolf Man (1941).

To create the head piece for the character (photo on the left), Collodion and cotton were placed in layers. Like we are told to, Pierce researched thoroughly not merely into how to create this wait but to ensure information technology was anatomically correct, he read numerous medial and surgical books. He found the different means a surgeon tin cut a skull, chose one, and modelled the brute'due south head equally if it had cutting open this mode so airtight. Information technology took a total of 6 hours to create this look every time, and an 60 minutes and a half to accept information technology off.

For Dracula, because the picture was shot in black and white, colours on the face had to work with this upshot, meaning they couldn't utilize just ordinary colours like we practise at present. In social club to create the ghostly white effect of the vampire, he painted the face green. It was clear that Pierce had a firm grasp on how to dispense makeup in front of the black and white photographic camera.

Pierce had get Universal's head makeup artist, however by the 1940'due south he was no longer employed by them as makeup was developing rapidly, but he wanted to stick to his traditional techniques.

DoctorJekyll and Mr.Hyde

Though uncredited, the genius backside the makeup of this film was Wally Westmore of the infamous Westmore family.

The role player who played both Jekyll and Hyde was Frederick March. While in the role of Mr. Hyde, he had green makeup on his face up (as information technology was in Blackness and White), so this gave the appearance of a pale white face up. In contrast, while in the part of Dr. Jekyll, he had red makeup on his face up in order to look dark and terrifying. This is some other instance of the manipulation of colours on black and white camera.

At this betoken, the utilize of latex was not widespread nor rigorously tested, however was still used in this flick. With the final stages of transformation into Dr. Jekyll, March had a mask fastened with liquid rubber to his face. When it came to taking this mask off, it was ripping his skin off besides, and subsequently March had to spend a few weeks in hospital recovering. This shows how developments in safe awarding and removal of makeup has occurred every bit this would not happen in the industry past a professional today.

1930'south

The 1930's saw the nativity of Foam Latex pieces. Namely in The Wizard of Oz (1939), this was used to create false facial features that were pre-prepared and could hands be glued on in the morning and removed in the evening, and were reusable. This cutting down hours of preparation time and meant that there was guaranteed continuity.

1950'southward

In the 1950's, sci-fi movies became very popular. This meant that the demand for the creation of more abstract or complicated monsters and creatures was needed, pushing the boundaries of makeup even further.

At this point, condom suits and latex were imperative to add realism to these creatures. Notable movies in this mean solar day were 'The Creature from the Black Lagoon' (1954), 'Invasion of the Saucer Men' (1957) and 'Information technology! The Terror from Beyond Space' (1958).

In 'The Creature from the Black Lagoon', this beast (pictured left) was a body suit made of moulded sponge safety. The role player, Ben Chapman, placed himself in a 1 piece latex suit which and then had boosted pieces placed on.

1960's

Movies now were condign more explicit and terrifying every bit these were focused on the supernatural, murders and transfiguration.

One of the most famous movies of this decade is 'The Exorcist' (1973), which is arguably one of the first real horror films that pushed all boundaries and social normalities.

In this video, you tin can see the famous makeup artist 'Dick Smith' using readily made prosthetics applied to the face which are then coloured and the relevant textures and materials are added. These techniques are withal used today, and it is a technique we even larn in class. He did this for several characters, and the ane that interested me the most was the old age makeup for the actor Max Von Sydow. He was 44 years old during this film, all the same was made to look years older using not only prosthetic applications but one-time age stipple. It is clear now that over the years, special furnishings makeup was becoming more and more than technical and precise, with the help of creative, pioneering makeup artists similar Dick Smith.

At present

During the 21st Century, blurring the lines betwixt CGI and special effects makeup occurs more and more as more movies are released. The combination of both allows not only a physical expect that the actor can work with and utilize to get into the character, simply a realistic one that can be reinforced with CGI. In the film 'A History of Violence', for a scene where the histrion's nose has caved in, a combination of CGI and makeup was used:

This isn't a technique I had known most before this enquiry, and it makes so much more sense as to how this outcome is created, as earlier I was confused every bit to how a caved in event was created and made to look realistic.

References/Sources

Rickitt, R. and Harryhausen, R. (2006) Special effects: The history and technique. Uk: Aurum Press.

AYCYAS.COM., (Dateunknown).Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1931)[viewed November 2015]. Available from: http://www.aycyas.com/jekyllandhyde1931.htm

Hannigan, H., (Date unknown). The Evolution of Horror Motion picture Makeup and Special Furnishings [viewed November 2015]. Bachelor from: https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/the-development-of-horror-movie-makeup-and-special-effects

Chaos Control Digizine., 2000. Ben Chapman [viewed Nov 2015]. Available from: http://world wide web.chaoscontrol.com/ben-chapman-interview-with-the-gillman/

Nastasi, A. 2011. Ranking Hollywood's Elderly Makovers from All-time to Worst [viewed November 2015]. Available from: http://flavorwire.com/228835/ranking-hollywoods-elderl-makeovers-from-best-to-worst

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